National surveys conducted by animal welfare charities and researchers indicate a concerning decline in some key aspects of our dog’s welfare. For example, more dogs are presenting to vets with behavioural problems and health issues, such as obesity. As dog owners, we all want the best for our furry friends, but sometimes our love can have unintended consequences.
Research highlights the link between our behaviour, dog weight, and overall dog welfare. Obesity in dogs is a growing concern in New Zealand, mirroring trends worldwide. With an increasing number of pets being classified as overweight or obese, understanding the causes, consequences, and potential solutions is crucial for dog owners.
The impact of obesity on dogs
Recent studies indicate that approximately 40% of dogs in New Zealand are overweight or obese. This excess weight makes dogs more susceptible to a range of health issues, including:
Diabetes
Joint problems
Heart disease
Respiratory issues
Decreased lifespan
What contributes to canine obesity?
Research conducted in New Zealand and internationally has highlighted various factors contributing to this worrying epidemic. A study carried out by Massey University identified common owner behaviours that contribute to canine obesity, including feeding practices and exercise routines. Additionally, a recent New Zealand-based survey of dog owners found that many underestimate their pet’s weight, leading to overfeeding.
A survey of over 11,000 dogs (including 80 breeds) in the United Kingdom revealed a connection between obesity and several unwanted problem behaviours in dogs, such as:
Guarding and stealing food
Aggression
Fear of going for walks
Poor recall (not coming back when called)
The study suggested that many of these behaviours were linked to owners being less likely to exercise their dogs. Overweight dogs were often kept on a leash more frequently, restricting their freedom and opportunities for exercise. Interestingly, the survey also found that owners of overweight dogs tended to have a different relationship with their pets, often treating them like “babies” and allowing them to sleep in their beds.
Key factors contributing to obesity in dogs:
Owner Behaviours
One of the most significant contributors to obesity is how owners manage their dog's diet. Many pet owners are unaware of the appropriate portion sizes for their dogs or tend to overindulge them with treats and table scraps. A Massey University study in New Zealand found that a lack of understanding of dog nutrition is common among pet owners. The research highlighted that free-choice feeding (leaving food out for dogs to graze) was common among some owners, contributing to overeating. Not surprisingly owners who provided measured portions were less likely to have overweight dogs.
Exercise routines
New Zealand research found that many dogs receive less than 30 minutes of exercise per day, falling short of the recommended amount for maintaining a healthy weight.
Other studies suggest that their owner's activity level directly influences a dog’s exercise level. Encouraging daily exercise not only helps maintain a healthy weight for your dog and improves their overall behaviour through providing more mental stimulation, but it is also healthier for you!
Owner perception of weight
Many owners struggle to accurately assess whether their dog is overweight. Research, including a New Zealand study, suggests that owners often underestimate their dog’s weight, leading to overfeeding.
For example, while a healthy Labrador Retriever should weigh between 25-30 kg, many owners reported weights exceeding 35 kg as normal. Understanding how to assess your pet’s body condition and knowing what a healthy weight is for your dog is crucial. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help clarify your dog’s health status.
Breed predisposition
Certain breeds are naturally more prone to becoming overweight or obese. For example, breeds such as labradors are particularly susceptible to overindulging! Owners of these more food motivated breeds need to be extra vigilant when managing weight, diet and exercise.
Environmental factors
Urbanisation and busy schedules, mean many owners struggle to prioritise their dog’s exercise needs. Additionally, it may be difficult to find a safe place to exercise a dog in certain places.
dog age and health issues
Some medical conditions and medications can contribute to weight gain. Hypothyroidism, for example, can lead to obesity if not properly managed. Older dogs also tend to exercise less, requiring careful diet management. Regular veterinary check-ups, including weight checks, can help identify and manage these issues early.
So, what can dog owners do to manage their animal’s weight?
understand your dog’s nutritional needs
Educating yourself about dog nutrition is essential. Veterinary clinics and pet stores can play a significant role by providing educational resources and advice tailored to your dog’s breed, age and fitness.
schedule veterinary check-ups
Routine vet visits can help monitor a dog’s weight and overall health. Vets can provide personalised dietary recommendations and exercise plans tailored to individual dogs.
Establish healthy exercise habits together
It is key to maintain a consistent feeding schedule with measured portions, limit treats, and ensure adequate exercise. Engaging in daily walks and play sessions also helps keep dogs active and healthy.
find community events or initiatives
Local councils and organisations often promote dog-friendly parks and community events to encourage exercise and socialisation. Dog walking groups or fitness classes can also help dog owners become more active with their pets.
Choose healthier diet options
Ask your vet about healthier diet options and responsible feeding practices to keep your dog in optimal health.
Obesity in dogs has become a significant welfare issue in New Zealand. Understanding the relationship between our behaviours and our dogs' weight is crucial for responsible pet ownership. By making informed choices about feeding and exercise, we can significantly improve our dogs’ quality of life.
A healthy dog is a happy dog, and it’s our responsibility to ensure they thrive in every way possible!
References:
Forrest R, Awawdeh L, Esam F, Pearson M, Waran N. Potential Owner-Related Risk Factors That May Contribute to Obesity in Companion Dogs in Aotearoa New Zealand. Animals. 2022; 12(3):267.
Gates, M., Zito, S., Harvey, L., Dale, A., & Walker, J. (2019). Assessing obesity in adult dogs and cats presenting for routine vaccination appointments in the North Island of New Zealand using electronic medical records data. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 67(3), 126–133.
German, A., Blackwell, E., Evans, M. and Westgarth, C. (2017). Overweight dogs are more likely to display undesirable behaviours: results of a large online survey of dog owners in the UK. Journal of Nutritional Science. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5468744/