Keep Easter sweet and safe for your pets

Companion Animals New Zealand shares essential advice for a happy holiday with your furry family members

Easter brings chocolate eggs, festive treats, and family gatherings, but some holiday traditions can pose serious risks to our four-legged companions. At Companion Animals New Zealand, we believe every animal deserves a Good Life – one that's not just free from harm but filled with joy, especially during holiday celebrations.

Easter hazards to avoid

Chocolate alert
Chocolate contains theobromine, a toxic compound that can be fatal to dogs. Dark chocolate is most dangerous due to higher theobromine levels, but all varieties pose risks. Warning signs include muscle stiffness, tremors, vomiting or seizures – requiring immediate veterinary attention.

Sweet dangers
Many candies, chewing gum, and even some peanut butter brands contain xylitol, an artificial sweetener extremely harmful to dogs even in tiny amounts. If you notice vomiting, lethargy, coordination problems or seizures after possible ingestion, contact your vet right away.

Packaging problems
Shiny foil wrappers and plastic eggs might attract curious pets but can cause dangerous digestive blockages potentially requiring surgery. Watch for warning signs including persistent vomiting, bloating, constipation, sudden weight loss, lethargy and dehydration.

Hot cross hazards
Those delicious hot cross buns contain raisins and dried fruits that can cause kidney failure in dogs. Keep these Easter treats well away from your curious pets.

Positive easter activities for pets

The Easter break is when you can spend quality time with your pets, and it doesn't have to be all about restrictions. There are some great ways to include your pets in the holiday fun:

Pet-friendly easter hunt
Hide pet-safe treats or toys around your garden for a special Easter hunt your dog will love. Use treats specially made for pets or small toys that stimulate their minds.

Time for walks
The Easter break is a perfect time for longer walks with your dog when the weather is still relatively mild. Get out and explore a new walk or beach together to celebrate the season – check out your local council websites for more information about where you can go that’s dog-friendly!

DIY pet toys
Create Easter-themed toys using pet-safe materials. A simple sock with a tennis ball inside makes a great "Easter egg" toy for dogs to chase – and for cats, there are lots of options – like paper balls, homemade cat treat-filled puzzle boxes and more!

At Companion Animals New Zealand, we believe that ensuring a Good Life for Animals means both protecting them from harm and creating opportunities for joy. This Easter, show your pets how much they mean to you with safe celebrations that include the whole family – furry members included!

For more pet safety tips and information on giving animals A Good Life, visit companionanimals.nz

National Pet Day 2025: Companion Animals NZ calls for a stronger commitment to pet welfare

Companion Animals New Zealand (CANZ) is calling on pet lovers across the country to take a stand for animal welfare this National Pet Day, Friday 11 April 2025 and the weeks following. With companion animals playing an essential role in the lives of many New Zealanders, CANZ is launching a nationwide pledge campaign to ensure pet welfare remains a priority in political and public discourse. 

As a national charity for companion animals, CANZ will use this campaign to raise awareness, encourage responsible pet ownership, and urge policymakers to address critical issues affecting pets and their guardians. The pledge invites individuals to show their commitment to animal welfare and support CANZ’s advocacy for policies that ensure pets receive the care, protection, and positive experiences they deserve. 

A commitment to Companion Animal Welfare 

The pledge focuses on key areas essential to ensuring a 'Good Life' for pets in Aotearoa, including calling on the Government to look at: 

• National frameworks: Develop and maintain world-leading companion animal policies, codes of welfare and regulations that position New Zealand as a recognised global leader in companion animal welfare 

• Pets in rentals: Implement rental housing protections for pet owners, recognising the importance of the pet-human bond  

• Pets in emergencies: Ensure well-resourced emergency management plans include provisions to evacuate, rescue, shelter and reunite companion animals

• Microchipping mandates: Implement and enforce comprehensive microchipping requirements for all companion animals supported by accessible national databases 

• Shelter support: Establish a NZ Animal Shelter database for local animal shelters and rescue organisations to provide accurate unowned pet population information 

• Desexing access: Establish free or low-cost spay/neuter programmes to help reduce the unowned pet population.  

“Pets are vital members of our communities, and we need to ensure their needs are considered in national and local policies,” says Prof. Nat Waran, Director of ‘A Good Life for Animals’ Centre at CANZ. “We know 63% of New Zealand homes have a pet and there is so much more we can do to improve their welfare through national oversight while also making pet ownership more accessible and supported. Clear policies and better resources can help ensure pets receive the care they deserve while allowing more people to experience the benefits of responsible pet ownership. By signing this pledge, New Zealanders can send a powerful message to decision-makers that companion animal welfare must remain on the agenda.” 

In addition to the pledge, CANZ will submit a letter to the Government outlining the key priorities for pet welfare, along with the total number of digital signatures collected. This initiative builds on CANZ’s longstanding commitment to research, education, and advocacy, as well as its operation of the New Zealand Companion Animal Register (NZCAR), the country’s leading microchip database. 

“We encourage every pet guardian and advocate to take action by signing the pledge,” adds Professor Waran. “Together, we can drive meaningful change and ensure a better future for all companion animals in New Zealand.” 

For more information and to sign the pledge, visit: National Pet Day Pledge — Companion Animals New Zealand  

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Companion Animals New Zealand (CANZ) is an independent, science-based charity committed to ensuring all companion animals live a 'Good Life' with responsible guardians. We use research, education and community programmes to achieve this. We also operate the New Zealand Companion Animal Register (NZCAR), the country's largest microchip database with more than 1.4 million pets registered. Our Board comprises independent trustees and representatives from a range of animal welfare groups, including SPCA, New Zealand Veterinary Association (NZVA), Dogs NZ, New Zealand. Cat Fancy, the New Zealand Veterinary Nursing Association (NZVNA) and the New Zealand Institute of Animal Management (NZIAM).    

Ways to invest in your horse’s welfare in 2025: Being a good horse guardian

Horses are deeply valued in New Zealand, with around 106,000 companion horses in the country (CANZ 2025 Pet Data Report). About 3.4% of households now own a horse or pony, reflecting their importance for recreation and as leisure companions for Kiwis.  

But what does it mean to be a responsible horse owner? We often think of the time spent feeding, grooming, and riding our horses as time well spent with them, but do we always consider their emotional wellbeing and question if their experience is as good for them as it is for us?   

A truly responsible guardian takes the time to understand their horse’s body language and emotional needs, investing in their overall happiness and good welfare.   

In 2025, why not make this the year you enhance your understanding of your horse’s behaviour and emotional needs so that you can truly listen to the signals your horse is sending? By establishing a solid foundation for your horse’s mental and physical health, you can strengthen the bond you share and ensure their ongoing wellbeing.  

The welfare angle 

Horse welfare is about more than just providing adequate food and shelter. The framework provided through use of the Five Domains — good nutrition, environment, good health, behavioural interactions, and a positive mental state—provides a holistic approach for assessing and improving a horse’s quality of life.   

By addressing both their physical and psychological needs, the Five Domains Framework ensures that horses can thrive in a balanced and compassionate environment ¹. 

In addition to understanding welfare, it’s important to consider how horses learn. Training based on positive reinforcement and reading their body language can improve communication and build trust between horses and humans²).  

So, why does all of this matter? Knowledge of horse welfare and behaviour is crucial for enhancing the quality of care you provide. By learning how to interpret your horse’s body language, you can reduce stress for both you and your horse, prevent behavioural issues, have a happier horse and foster a harmonious relationship.  

The responsible horse guardian 

Being a responsible horse guardian involves a range of practices. Here at Companion Animals NZ we advocate broadly for microchipping and registration of horses on the New Zealand Companion Animal Register (NZCAR). This step ensures your horse is safely identifiable in case of emergencies or if they’re lost or stolen. Modern microchips even provide additional benefits, such as tracking body temperature changes, allowing for better monitoring of your horse’s health.  

Registering your horse with NZCAR ensures their microchip details are securely stored in a national database, linking their permanent ID to your contact information. Should you and your horse become separated, this system significantly increases the chances of a safe and speedy reunion.   

For more info, check out https://www.animalregister.co.nz/  

Health 

Routine health care, including regular trims or shoeings, checks for lameness, and annual veterinary visits for vaccinations, dental work, and parasite prevention, all contribute to your horse’s wellbeing and performance. Preventive care helps reduce the need for expensive emergency treatments, promoting your horse's long-term health and wellbeing. Not only is preventive care typically more affordable than emergency veterinary care, but it is also less stressful for both you and your horse.  

Insurance 

Many horse guardians may not think insurance is necessary, but the value of your horse is only part of the equation—treatment costs can be significant. Equine veterinary medicine has advanced greatly in the past two decades, with many conditions now treatable that would have once meant losing your horse. When faced with tough decisions about your horse's care, you may be surprised by both the choices available and the associated costs. Insurance can help alleviate the financial burden and provide peace of mind during stressful, unforeseen circumstances, e.g. colic surgeries can cost upwards of $15,000 depending on the size of the horse and the cause of the colic.   

Insurance options can differ, so it’s crucial to carefully select the right coverage for you and your horse. ‘Mortality insurance’ covers death due to illness or accident, but exclusions may apply, and euthanasia is typically covered only if no treatment options are viable. Be sure to check the fine print before committing.   

More comprehensive policies often include ‘veterinary costs’ coverage, which helps with the payments for diagnostics, treatments and surgeries. A prepurchase exam is usually required to insure your horse for veterinary costs. Coverage may depend on the horse's market value and may only cover part of the veterinary costs, so it’s important to review the policy carefully.  

‘Loss of Use’ cover compensates you if your horse can no longer perform due to injury or illness. A vet’s diagnosis and evidence of unsuccessful treatment are required for a claim, so having veterinary cost coverage alongside Loss of Use insurance is often a wise choice. By understanding the details of each type of coverage, you can make an informed decision that ensures both you and your horse are well-protected in the event of the unexpected.  

Building a strong human-horse relationship 

Building a strong connection with your horse is crucial for both their mental health and training. Consistent interaction fosters trust and understanding, and simply spending time together through grooming and being present promotes more calmness and happiness in your horse.   

A study from 2020 found that horses seem to feel more relaxed when interacting with people they know, like during grooming on the right side, compared to when the same task is performed by someone they don't recognise. The horses showed signs of reduced stress, which was shown by a shift in their heart rate and nervous system response. This suggests that not only does the familiarity of the person matter, but the type of interaction—like grooming—also helps the horse feel more at ease. These findings show that horses can recognise familiar people and that having a known handler is very important for positive human-animal interactions³. 

Commit to your horse’s welfare in 2025 

Being a responsible horse guardian involves looking after your horse, but also understanding your horse's emotional well-being and fostering a strong connection with him.   

By addressing both your horse’s physical and psychological needs, such as proper health care and insurance cover, positive training experiences and quality time spent with a familiar handler, you can ensure a happy, healthy, and well-rounded horse.   

Strengthening your bond through regular, meaningful interaction will lead to improved communication, reduced stress, and a more harmonious relationship with your horse.  

Let 2025 be the year you truly commit to understanding and nurturing your horse’s wellbeing. As the renowned zoologist Dr. Jane Goodall once said, “The least I can do is speak out….for those who cannot speak for themselves.”   

Let’s embrace this message and secure a ‘Good Life’ for NZ horses in the years to come.  

EQuiChip® is a community event supported by Companion Animals NZ aimed at improving the welfare of horses in New Zealand through positive identification linked to the horse guardian. It offers microchipping and registration on the NZ Companion Animal Register and can be easily organised within local riding communities. Organising an event takes just a little initiative by a group of people, and it's a simple way to ensure horses are properly identified for their safety and well-being. For more information or support to arrange an event in your area, contact welfare@companionanimals.nz. 

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References

1. CANZ, 2025: Companion Animals NZ 2024 NZ Pet Data Report. Available from: Mellor, D.J. (2017). Operational Details of the Five Domains Model and Its Key Applications to the Assessment and Management of Animal Welfare . Animals 2017, 7, 60; doi:10.3390/ani7080060 . World Horse Welfare. (n.d.). The 5 Domains of Animal Welfare. World Horse Welfare. Retrieved February 25, 2025, from https://www.worldhorsewelfare.org/advice/the-5-domains-of-animal-welfare 

2. Sankey, C., Richard-Yris, MA., Henry, S. et al. Reinforcement as a mediator of the perception of humans by horses (Equus caballus). Anim Cogn 13, 753–764 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-010-0326-9 

3. Scopa, C., Greco, A., Contalbrigo, L., Fratini, E., Lanatà, A., Scilingo, E. P., & Baragli, P. (2020). Inside the interaction: Contact with familiar humans modulates heart rate variability in horses. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 582759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.582759 

Let sleeping pets lie: Why a good sleep matters

Sleep is just as important for our animal companions as it is for us. While most pet owners focus on diet, exercise, and regular vet check-ups, sleep often gets overlooked as a crucial aspect of animal welfare. Understanding your pet's sleep needs is essential for providing them with the best care possible. 

How different pets sleep: Species-specific patterns

Dogs: The polyphasic nappers

Dogs are "polyphasic sleepers" – they take multiple naps throughout the day rather than one long sleep. Most dogs need about 12-14 hours of sleep daily, though this varies with age, breed, and activity level. Puppies and senior dogs typically require more rest. 

A dog's activity levels, routine changes, social interactions, and emotional experiences all affect sleep quality. Unlike humans who spend about 25% of sleep in REM (dream) sleep, dogs only spend about 10% in this restorative phase, making quality sleep time crucial for their wellbeing.

Cats: The professional sleepers

If you've ever envied your cat's ability to nap anywhere, anytime, there's good reason! Cats sleep between 12-16 hours daily, with some sleeping up to 20 hours. They're most active at dawn and dusk, explaining those early morning wake-up calls. 

Cats need safe, comfortable sleeping spots – preferably with options at different heights, as many cats feel more secure when elevated. Multiple sleeping locations throughout your home will help your feline friend get the rest they need. 

Horses: Standing sleepers

Horses have fascinating sleep patterns reflecting their evolution as prey animals. They need only 5-7 hours of rest consisting of 2-3 hours of total sleep daily and can sleep standing up thanks to a special "stay apparatus" in their legs. 

However, horses must lie down to achieve REM (deep) sleep, which typically only accounts for about 30 minutes of their daily rest. Without this crucial REM sleep, horses can develop serious welfare issues, including sudden episodes of collapse. Sleep deprivation risks increase when horses travel long distances or stay overnight at events without proper rest opportunities.

Rabbits: Eyes-open snoozers

As prey animals, rabbits are crepuscular, meaning they're most active during dawn and dusk, typically sleeping during midday and deep night. Unlike most pets, rabbits can sleep with their eyes open – an evolutionary adaptation that helps them stay alert to danger. They'll only close their eyes when feeling completely safe. 

Rabbits sleep 6-8 hours daily in many short naps rather than one continuous period. They also enter a "dozing" state where they rest while remaining somewhat alert. During true sleep, a rabbit's nose stops twitching – a rare sight indicating deep relaxation. 

Why quality of sleep matters for pet health

Good sleep isn't just about preventing grumpiness – it's essential for: 

• Physical health: Sleep is when the body repairs itself and grows 

• Immune function: Well-rested pets can fight illness better 

• Brain health: Sleep helps animals process new information and skills 

• Emotional wellbeing: Sleep-deprived pets tend to be more anxious or irritable 

• Pain management: Poor sleep can increase sensitivity to pain 

• Safety: Sleep deprivation can lead to problematic behaviours that can be unsafe for humans and other animals

Warning signs: Is your pet sleeping poorly?

Dogs and cats: 

• Increased irritability or unusual aggression 

• Seeming disoriented or confused 

• Excessive daytime sleepiness 

• Increased vocalisation at night 

• Changes in appetite 

Horses: 

• Dropping to their knees momentarily 

• Unexplained injuries that might have occurred during collapse 

• Excessive daytime drowsiness 

• Reluctance to lie down 

Rabbits: 

• Decreased activity or lethargy 

• Teeth grinding (different from gentle purring) 

• Hunched posture 

• Changes in eating habits 

• Reduced grooming behavior 

• Increased hiding behavior 

Creating sleep-friendly environments for your pets

Dogs 

• Provide a quiet, comfortable bed away from household traffic 

• Maintain a consistent daily routine 

• Ensure adequate daytime exercise  

• Consider crate training if it helps your dog feel secure 

• Keep their sleeping area at an appropriate temperature 

Cats 

• Offer multiple sleeping spots, including some elevated options 

• Provide both hidden/enclosed beds and open sleeping areas 

• Keep their sleeping areas away from litter boxes 

• Consider your cat's preference for soft vs. firm sleeping surfaces 

• Respect your cat's natural activity patterns rather than trying to force them into human schedules 

Horses 

• If stabled, ensure there is enough space to allow the horse to lie down safely and provide comfortable bedding or mats that encourage lying down 

• Maintain stable social groups when possible 

• Consider 24-hour turnout if suitable for your horse 

• Schedule human activities to avoid disrupting rest periods 

• Monitor for signs of sleep deprivation regularly 

Rabbits 

• Provide a quiet, draft-free sleeping area 

• Include hiding spaces like tunnels or covered areas where they can feel secure 

• Use soft bedding that supports their delicate feet (avoid wire-bottom cages) 

• Respect their crepuscular nature by avoiding disturbances during their main sleep periods 

• Ensure they have a companion if possible, as rabbits are social animals that feel safer with a buddy 

• Keep sleeping areas clean, as rabbits are naturally tidy animals

When to seek veterinary help 

If you notice persistent changes in your pet's sleep patterns or any warning signs mentioned above, consult your veterinarian. Sleep problems can indicate underlying health issues like arthritis, respiratory problems, or anxiety that require treatment.

The Companion Animals approach to quality pet sleep

Sleep is not a luxury for our companion animals – it's an essential biological need that directly impacts their quality of life. By understanding and accommodating the unique sleep requirements of different pets, we can help ensure they lead happy, healthy lives. 

At Companion Animals New Zealand, we believe that responsible pet care extends beyond the basics of food and shelter to understanding all aspects of animal wellbeing – including the importance of quality sleep. By making small adjustments to your pet's environment and routine, and monitoring their behaviour, you can help them get the rest they need to thrive. 

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Key References 

1. Zanghi, B.M. (2010). Importance of sleep: Performance, cognition and canine models of ageing. Nestlé Purina Companion Animal Nutrition Summit, 18-25.  

2. Kinsman, R., Owczarczak-Garstecka, S., Casey, R., Knowles, T., Tasker, S., Woodward, J., Da Costa, R., & Murray, J. (2020). Sleep Duration and Behaviours: A Descriptive Analysis of a Cohort of Dogs up to 12 Months of Age. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 10(7), 1172. 

3. Williams, D.C., Aleman, M., Holliday, T.A., Fletcher, D.J., Tharp, B., Kass, P.H., Steffey, E.P., & LeCouteur, R.A. (2008). Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the electroencephalogram in normal horses during spontaneous drowsiness and sleep. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 22(3), 630-638.  

4. Trocino, A., & Xiccato, G. (2006). Animal welfare in reared rabbits: A review with emphasis on housing systems. World Rabbit Science, 14(2), 77-93. 

New Zealand's unbreakable bond with pets: Insights from the latest Companion Animals NZ Report

Media release: 3 MArch 2025

New Zealand’s relationship with its companion animals remains as strong as ever, according to the latest findings from Companion Animals New Zealand (CANZ).

The ‘2024 NZ Pet Data Report’ reveals that nearly two-thirds (63%) of New Zealand households share their home with a pet, a figure that highlights the deep bond New Zealanders continue to have with their animals.

Cats remain the most popular pet, with 40% of households owning a feline companion, while 31% of homes include a dog. Additionally, more than half (60%) of people who don't currently own a pet would like to have one.

Key insights from the 2024 Report:

• Pet ownership trends

  • Nearly two-thirds of New Zealand households (63%) own pets, a figure which has seen no significant change in the past decade.

  • Cats remain the most popular pet (40%) with an estimated 1.26 million cats in NZ, followed closely by an estimated 830,000 dogs. The data suggests that the number of dog households has decreased slightly from 34% in 2020 to 31% in 2024.

  • Other pets, such as horses and rabbits, also contribute to New Zealand’s diverse pet population.

• Demographics and ownership patterns: Pet ownership varies by age and region.

  • Past the age of 65, companion animal ownership declines compared to all other age groups. Cats are particularly popular among people aged 45-64.

  • Households with children are more likely to have companion animals (66% to 71%, depending on the age of the children) compared to those with no children (60%). Households with older kids drive this pattern and are more likely to have dogs, cats, fish, rabbits, small mammals and fowl.

  • Auckland households are less likely to share their home with a companion animal than other regions.

• Reasons for having a pet:

  • Companionship remains the primary reason people choose to adopt pets, with love and affection central to the relationship particularly for cats, dogs, rabbits and birds.

  • Other key drivers of pet ownership included familiarity with the animal (e.g., person has had this type of animal before), cats ‘needing’ a home, as well as dogs for exercise and horses companionship and competing/breeding.

• Barriers to pet ownership:

  • Despite the widespread affection for animals, 22% of New Zealand households (approximately 440,000 households) report that they would like to own a pet but face barriers such as lifestyle, cost, and being hesitant about the responsibilities involved. Housing constraints were on the minds of younger people, especially those under 35, being more likely to encounter rental restrictions or financial considerations.

  • Among these non-pet owners, more than 60% express a desire to own a pet in the future, with cats and dogs as the most sought-after companions. 34% of non-pet owners stated that they have previously had pets.

• Acquiring a pet:

  • The SPCA and other animal rescues were the most common places to acquire cats, whereas dogs were more likely to be acquired from a breeder.

  • Private advertisements are a significant source of dogs, horses and rabbits while for cats, keeping strays is a common acquisition route. 

• Responsible Pet Care:

  • The survey highlighted growing trends in responsible pet care, including microchipping, desexing, and vet visits.

  • Desexing rates are reported as high, with 96% of owned cats and 85% of owned dogs being reported as desexed.

  • Microchipping has also increased, with 72% of cats and 89% of dogs microchipped in 2024, reflecting New Zealanders' growing commitment to pet welfare.

Professor Natalie Waran, Director of the A Good Life for Animals Centre, shared, "New Zealander’s strong bond with our companion animals shows just how important the relationship is. As the report highlights, the role of pets in our lives is deeply embedded in our culture – but it is also evolving. It’s not about ownership—it’s about companionship; with love and a commitment to share our lives with them."

She added, "As New Zealanders face the challenges of pet ownership and navigate changing societal expectations—particularly around how cats are managed—CANZ remains committed to improving the welfare of our pets. With the rising costs and time commitments involved, there’s a real opportunity to continue educating and advocating for more awareness of pet’s needs and what support is available. It’s also vital that we keep pushing for better standards, ensuring all animals live their best lives here in New Zealand."

For more information or to access the full 2024 NZ Pet Data Report, please visit www.companionanimals.nz/2024-nz-pet-data-report.

ABOUT THE REPORT

The NZ Pet Data Report is the largest, representative survey of pet population and ownership insights in NZ. Insights HQ were commissioned by Companion Animals NZ to undertake a survey of New Zealand households to size and profile the companion animal population, as well as assess attitudes towards companion animals in NZ. In 2024, the data was gathered between 23 September and 16 October 2024. A follow-up booster was conducted between 17 January and 3 February 2025 among rabbit owners to increase the sample size for rabbit ownership data, however, a population estimate was not available for rabbits due to low rabbit base size. More detail on methodology is available in the full report.

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ABOUT CANZ  

Companion Animals New Zealand (CANZ) is an independent, science-based charity committed to ensuring all companion animals live a 'Good Life' with responsible guardians. We use research, education and community programmes to achieve this. We also operate the New Zealand Companion Animal Register (NZCAR), the country's largest microchip database with more than 1.4 million pets registered. Our Board comprises independent trustees and representatives from a range of animal welfare groups, including SPCA, New Zealand Veterinary Association (NZVA), Dogs NZ, New Zealand Cat Fancy, the New Zealand Veterinary Nursing Association (NZVNA) and the New Zealand Institute of Animal Management (NZIAM).   

New research exploring how cats adapt to indoor living

A research collaboration between Companion Animals NZ and the University of Adelaide, Australia, is providing insight into how cats - and their human guardians - adapt to having a cat living exclusively indoors.

Why is this research needed?

Cats may live indoors for a number of reasons, including urban living, individual pet health needs, and environmental concerns. The transition to indoor living is not well-researched and raises questions for many pet guardians. This study aimed to better understand this process and provide evidence-based information about this transition in living.

About the research

The study received support and funding from Healthy Pets, the University of Adelaide, HeyRex, and CANZ.  We had a lot of interest from the community, with 114 people registering their interest to participate in the study.  

A total of 16 cats and their guardians carefully selected to meet criteria participated in the month-long study, which included: 

• A one-week baseline period where cats maintained their usual outdoor access 

• Three weeks of exclusive indoor living 

• Cat activity monitoring through wearable activity trackers 

• Regular behavioural surveys completed by human guardians

This approach allowed us to track activity levels and behavioural changes of the cats throughout the transition period, while also gathering insights from pet guardians about their experiences.

Research in progress

The data collected during this study is currently being analysed, with results expected to be available soon. This analysis will help us better understand how cats adjust their activity patterns when transitioning to indoor living and what behavioural changes both cats and their guardians experience during this process.

“We were delighted by how many people wanted to be part of this study - it shows a keen interest in understanding more about cat behaviour and their housing options. There hasn’t been much research in this area, so we’re excited to fill that knowledge gap.”

— Renée Railton, Animal Welfare Programme Coordinator

Looking ahead

The findings from this research aim to enhance our understanding of the transition from outdoor to indoor living for cats and their human guardians. The study is focused on exploring various living scenarios for cats, without suggesting any inherent preference for indoor living. Our goal is to provide an unbiased, comprehensive view of the factors influencing these transitions. We will share updates on the research as we complete the analysis of the results.

A big thank you to HeyRex and Healthy Pets who generously supported this programme of work.

The weighty issue: How our love for dogs might be hurting them

National surveys conducted by animal welfare charities and researchers indicate a concerning decline in some key aspects of our dog’s welfare. For example, more dogs are presenting to vets with behavioural problems and health issues, such as obesity. As dog owners, we all want the best for our furry friends, but sometimes our love can have unintended consequences. 

Research highlights the link between our behaviour, dog weight, and overall dog welfare. Obesity in dogs is a growing concern in New Zealand, mirroring trends worldwide. With an increasing number of pets being classified as overweight or obese, understanding the causes, consequences, and potential solutions is crucial for dog owners. 

The impact of obesity on dogs 

Recent studies indicate that approximately 40% of dogs in New Zealand are overweight or obese. This excess weight makes dogs more susceptible to a range of health issues, including: 

• Diabetes 

• Joint problems 

• Heart disease 

• Respiratory issues 

• Decreased lifespan 

What contributes to canine obesity? 

Research conducted in New Zealand and internationally has highlighted various factors contributing to this worrying epidemic. A study carried out by Massey University identified common owner behaviours that contribute to canine obesity, including feeding practices and exercise routines. Additionally, a recent New Zealand-based survey of dog owners found that many underestimate their pet’s weight, leading to overfeeding. 

A survey of over 11,000 dogs (including 80 breeds) in the United Kingdom revealed a connection between obesity and several unwanted problem behaviours in dogs, such as: 

• Guarding and stealing food 

• Aggression 

• Fear of going for walks

• Poor recall (not coming back when called)

The study suggested that many of these behaviours were linked to owners being less likely to exercise their dogs. Overweight dogs were often kept on a leash more frequently, restricting their freedom and opportunities for exercise. Interestingly, the survey also found that owners of overweight dogs tended to have a different relationship with their pets, often treating them like “babies” and allowing them to sleep in their beds. 

Key factors contributing to obesity in dogs: 

1. Owner Behaviours

   One of the most significant contributors to obesity is how owners manage their dog's diet. Many pet owners are unaware of the appropriate portion sizes for their dogs or tend to overindulge them with treats and table scraps. A Massey University study in New Zealand found that a lack of understanding of dog nutrition is common among pet owners. The research highlighted that free-choice feeding  (leaving food out for dogs to graze) was common among some owners, contributing to overeating. Not surprisingly owners who provided measured portions were less likely to have overweight dogs.

2. Exercise routines

   New Zealand research found that many dogs receive less than 30 minutes of exercise per day, falling short of the recommended amount for maintaining a healthy weight. 

   Other studies suggest that their owner's activity level directly influences a dog’s exercise level. Encouraging daily exercise not only helps maintain a healthy weight for your dog and improves their overall behaviour through providing more mental stimulation, but it is also healthier for you!

3. Owner perception of weight

   Many owners struggle to accurately assess whether their dog is overweight. Research, including a New Zealand study, suggests that owners often underestimate their dog’s weight, leading to overfeeding. 

   For example, while a healthy Labrador Retriever should weigh between 25-30 kg, many owners reported weights exceeding 35 kg as normal. Understanding how to assess your pet’s body condition and knowing what a healthy weight is for your dog is crucial. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help clarify your dog’s health status.

4. Breed predisposition

   Certain breeds are naturally more prone to becoming overweight or obese. For example, breeds such as labradors are particularly susceptible to overindulging! Owners of these more food motivated breeds need to be extra vigilant when managing weight, diet and exercise.

5. Environmental factors

   Urbanisation and busy schedules, mean many owners struggle to prioritise their dog’s exercise needs. Additionally, it may be difficult to find a safe place to exercise a dog in certain places. 

6. dog age and health issues

   Some medical conditions and medications can contribute to weight gain. Hypothyroidism, for example, can lead to obesity if not properly managed. Older dogs also tend to exercise less, requiring careful diet management. Regular veterinary check-ups, including weight checks, can help identify and manage these issues early. 

So, what can dog owners do to manage their animal’s weight?

1. understand your dog’s nutritional needs

   Educating yourself about dog nutrition is essential. Veterinary clinics and pet stores can play a significant role by providing educational resources and advice tailored to your dog’s breed, age and fitness.  

2. schedule veterinary check-ups

   Routine vet visits can help monitor a dog’s weight and overall health. Vets can provide personalised dietary recommendations and exercise plans tailored to individual dogs. 

3. Establish healthy exercise habits together

   It is key to maintain a consistent feeding schedule with measured portions, limit treats, and ensure adequate exercise. Engaging in daily walks and play sessions also helps keep dogs active and healthy.

4. find community events or initiatives

   Local councils and organisations often promote dog-friendly parks and community events to encourage exercise and socialisation. Dog walking groups or fitness classes can also help dog owners become more active with their pets.

5. Choose healthier diet options

   Ask your vet about healthier diet options and responsible feeding practices to keep your dog in optimal health.

Obesity in dogs has become a significant welfare issue in New Zealand. Understanding the relationship between our behaviours and our dogs' weight is crucial for responsible pet ownership. By making informed choices about feeding and exercise, we can significantly improve our dogs’ quality of life. 

A healthy dog is a happy dog, and it’s our responsibility to ensure they thrive in every way possible!  

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References: 

1. Forrest R, Awawdeh L, Esam F, Pearson M, Waran N. Potential Owner-Related Risk Factors That May Contribute to Obesity in Companion Dogs in Aotearoa New Zealand. Animals. 2022; 12(3):267. 

1. Gates, M., Zito, S., Harvey, L., Dale, A., & Walker, J. (2019). Assessing obesity in adult dogs and cats presenting for routine vaccination appointments in the North Island of New Zealand using electronic medical records data. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 67(3), 126–133. 

1. German, A., Blackwell, E., Evans, M. and Westgarth, C. (2017). Overweight dogs are more likely to display undesirable behaviours: results of a large online survey of dog owners in the UK. Journal of Nutritional Science. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5468744/  

It’s tax credit time – donate to the animals and enjoy a tax credit. Win win!

As the end of the tax year approaches in New Zealand (31 March), it’s the perfect time to think about making a donation! Not only will you be supporting a great cause, but you’ll also get to take advantage of a tax credit.  

Let’s chat about how this all works and why you should consider donating now. 

Why donate before the tax year ends? 

1. Get your tax credit: In New Zealand, for every dollar you donate, you can claim back 33.33% as a tax credit. This means that if you donate $100, you could potentially get $33.33 back when you file your taxes.  

1. Claim for previous years: Did you know you can also claim for donations made in the last four years if you haven’t done so already? So, if you’ve been generous in the past, now’s the time to gather those receipts. 

1. Do good and feel great: Donating not only helps the cause you care about but also makes you feel good knowing you’re making a difference in your community. Plus, you’ll have that welcome tax credit to look forward to.  

So - as we get closer to the end of the tax year on 31 March, now is the time to think about the donations that you have made during the year and to make sure you take advantage of the tax credits available to you.  

The general criteria for claiming a donation tax credit are: 

• The recipient must be an approved donee organisation (Companion Animals NZ is an approved organisation); 

• The cash donation must be $5 or more;  

• A signed and dated receipt from the charity must be held and include certain information (if you have lost yours then please email us); and 

• The total amount of donation tax credits claimed cannot exceed your taxable income for the relevant year.  

Visit the IRD website for more information here: Tax credits for donations 

Info you’ll need from us:

• Receipts for your donations - which you’ll receive automatically but if you’ve misplaced yours, contact fundraising@companionanimals.nz

• The name of our charity: Companion Animals New Zealand

• Our Charity Registration Number: CC27849

• Our IRD number: 134-044-284

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And voilà! You’re all done! If you choose to regift your credit back to Companion Animals New Zealand, we’d be incredibly grateful for your generosity! 

Any questions please feel free to contact fundraising@companionanimals.nz 

2025: The year technology unlocks the secrets of animal emotions?

Imagine having a simple, science-based tool to assess your pet’s emotional state in real time? This technology could be on the horizon and we’re excited to see what 2025 brings in this space. 

Animals communicate their emotions in many ways—through their behaviour, body posture, and even facial expressions. But what if technology could help us understand them better? 

Humans rely heavily on facial expressions to convey emotions, and we’re naturally attuned to recognising them from birth. It’s no surprise that we often look to an animal’s face to gauge how it’s feeling. With the right tools, humans could more accurately interpret an animal's emotional state, improving both animal and human welfare. 

A new era in animal emotion research 

Traditional methods for studying animal emotions often involve invasive techniques, like measuring blood parameters, or time-intensive behavioural analysis. However, advancements in technology borrowed from human facial expression studies are changing the game. 

Researchers are now using cameras and smart software to analyse subtle facial changes in animals — like eye shape, ear movement, or nostril flare — when they experience different emotions. This non-invasive method provides a safer, more efficient way to assess how animals feel. It also opens the door for pet owners to better understand emotions like fear, happiness, or sadness in their furry, feathered, or scaled companions. 

For these tools to truly benefit animal welfare, they must be backed by rigorous scientific validation. Researchers need to confirm that the facial movements detected are directly linked to emotional states. While tools for interpreting negative emotions like pain and aggression have been developed for species such as rats, mice, sheep, and horses, creating tools for positive emotions—or for less expressive species like chickens—remains a challenge. 

Exciting advances in research 

At Companion Animals New Zealand (CANZ), our ‘A Good Life for Animals’ research team is collaborating with international experts to explore the potential of using behavioural and facial expression for improving welfare outcomes. For example, in an exciting joint project with Lyon College in Arkansas, USA, Dr. Britt Florkiewicz, undergraduate student researcher Levi Neal and Dr. Gosia Zobel (CANZ) are leading a study to delve into the mysterious world of cat facial expressions.  We’re investigating feline facial expressions and how they’re interpreted – all 270 of them! 

This study also seeks to explore whether New Zealanders can accurately predict the outcomes of interactions between cats by interpreting their facial expressions, what features people use to assist their assessment, and whether there are specific human characteristics—such as a person’s age, occupation, or previous experience with cats—that affect their accuracy.  

CANZ is also working with a Brazilian animal welfare research group led by Professor Adroaldo Zanella at the University of Sao Paolo to investigate use of advancements in AI to develop improved ability to recognise signs of positive and negative emotions in horses when they are being ridden.  The three year PhD project being carried out by student and veterinarian Gabriel Lencioni, will assess the use of deep learning to understand equine emotions and so far the results are very promising.  

Professor Nat Waran, Director of A Good Life for Animals Centre, adds why CANZ is so interested in these advancements:  

“Whilst animal owners may feel that they can already read their animal’s expression or mood, without the robust science-based approach that underpins the development of precision technology such as the facial recognition software, there is always a risk that an animal owner could misread an animal’s intent and as such put themselves, the animal or a third party in a compromised situation. 

“The opportunity to make use of technological solutions to support improvements in animal welfare is extremely exciting.”

— Professor Nat Waran

The future: improved human- animal communication and connection? 

Imagine having a simple, science-based tool to assess your pet’s emotional state in real time. This technology could enhance the bond between humans and animals, improve welfare, and even prevent misunderstandings that could lead to unsafe situations. 

While many pet owners feel they already understand their animals, being able to use research-based tools offers a level of precision that can reduce the risk of misinterpreting an animal's mood or intentions. As technology advances, we’re moving closer to a future where animal emotions will be far more accessible to us providing a bridge to deeper human-animal connection and improved care. 

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A Good life for all horses – national horse day

A Global Call for Positive Welfare for All Equids 

The newly published Good Welfare for Equids white paper sets a high bar for improving the welfare of horses, donkeys, and their hybrids (known collectively as ‘equids’). While primarily aimed at influencing European Union legislation, the framework offers insights and recommendations that resonate globally.  

The report underscores the importance of treating equids as sentient beings, capable of experiencing emotions like joy, contentment, and pain, and calls for ensuring their wellbeing regardless of their role—be it for sport, leisure, work, or companionship. 

The report emphasises that: 

• Equids have complex social, mental, and physical needs that must be met for them to thrive. 

• A good quality of life involves more than minimising stress or fear; it requires actively fostering positive experiences such as pleasure and contentment. 

• Good care, nutrition, social interaction, and ethical exercise not only benefit the animals but also strengthen the bond between equids and humans. 

To achieve this, the paper outlines the Five Provisions framework for equid welfare: 

1. Good nutrition 

1. A good physical environment 

1. Good health 

1. Positive social and behavioral interactions 

1. Positive mental experiences 

It also highlights the risks associated with various sectors where equids are involved, from production and sports to rescue and retirement, and advocates for robust identification and traceability systems to ensure their protection. 

Professor Nat Waran, one of the contributors to this report and Director of ‘A Good Life Center’ at Companion Animals NZ, emphasises the ethical responsibility to promote equid welfare, fostering positive outcomes for animals and the humans who depend on them. 

"Horses, donkeys, and mules are sentient beings who feel joy, fear, and pain, just as we do. This paper is a vital step toward recognising equids as sentient beings with unique physical, mental, and emotional needs, addressing the gaps and providing actionable recommendations to ensure equids live a "Good Life." By focusing on their quality of life, not just minimising harm, but fostering positive experiences, we can set a global standard for equid welfare that benefits both the animals and the people who both care for them and rely on them." - Professor Nat Waran 

This comprehensive framework challenges stakeholders worldwide to prioritise the welfare of equids, ensuring they live fulfilling lives. For more details, you can read the full white paper here: 

Understanding and meeting the unique needs of goats

Goats are intelligent, social, and curious animals that require more than just the basics of food, water, and shelter to thrive. Shaped by their evolution in mountainous terrains, goats need stimulating environments that promote their natural behaviours. These opportunities greatly enhance their physical and mental wellbeing. 

Dr Gosia Zobel

Companion Animals NZ’s Welfare Science Programme Coordinator, Dr Gosia Zobel, has done a lot of goat research. She dedicated most of her PhD with the Animal Welfare Programme at the University of British Columbia to goat behaviour.

Here, we ask her questions about the latest evidence-based information on giving goats a Good Life. 

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What makes goats so unique?  

“Goats are unique in so many ways – they’re intelligent, inquisitive, social, love to climb and - probably the most surprising thing to many people – they are actually picky eaters! They also love to climb, and also hide. These behaviours are specific to the individual, and their personality. Their memory and communication skills are also impressive, with individuals responding to each other’s bleats after a year apart, and recognising their penmate’s bodies without seeing faces.  

“Goats have richer emotional lives than many people realise. Like many other animals, every individual goat is different with their own quirks, wants and needs, but what really intrigues me is looking at ways to identify their emotional states.  

“Measuring quality of life isn’t always simple. We may be able to assess their health and surrounds, but a goat can’t tell us how they are feeling. We tend to use indirect methods and a lot of my work has been around finding these indicators. One of my favourite studies is where we assessed goats’ ability to make decisions after they had experienced something positive (some yummy leaves) or negative (a warm shower – goats hate water!). Just like when people are asked to decide on their evening plans, goats in a positive state of mind were quicker to make a decision compared to when they were feeling more negative. This was an example of an indirect way of identifying emotional states in goats.”  

Tell us about the history of goats... 

“Goats' evolution in mountainous, varied terrain has profoundly influenced their behaviour and needs, even as companion animals today. Originally adapted to navigate rocky landscapes and forage widely, goats developed strong innate capabilities for climbing, browsing a diverse array of plants, and remembering the location of those resources. 

“We know from observing feral and wild goats that they easily navigate large ranges and distances. I worked with a group of milking goats in the Swiss Alps that easily covered more than 4km each day! Furthermore, as herd animals, goats have also evolved complex social structures, forming bonds with selected individuals in their group. 

“Their active, inquisitive nature requires ample mental and physical stimulation to keep them content. Therefore, as companion animals, goats thrive when given opportunities to climb, forage, and engage with their surroundings, as well as to socialise within stable groups. Recognising these innate needs is essential for providing goats with an enriched environment that mirrors the choices and activities they would naturally seek.” 

What does this mean for their minimum care requirements, like shelter, food and healthcare? 

“Caring for a pet goat requires more than just meeting health and diet needs. Their housing doesn’t need to be expensive, but it is an important part of ensuring they are leading a good life. Goats will seek shelter from the elements (anyone who keeps goats outdoors I am certain has faced the vocal fury of a rain-soaked goat!). And to promote individual behaviour preferences, guardians can add hiding spots, such as partitions, sheltered areas, or enclosed spaces under raised platforms. These spaces allow goats to control their exposure and find solitude when needed. Key takeaways are that they should have: 

• Raised areas – for both rest and play 

• Hard, dry surfaces – to promote hoof wear and reduce hoof rot 

• Hiding places – for weather protection and social ‘downtime’ to reduce stress 

• Exercise – while it might not be possible to provide a huge range, promoting movement and walking is important 

• Companions - goats are social and should not be housed alone. 

“Goats also prefer a variety of plants to graze on. They like opportunities to have choice and accessing an array of plants to simulate the foraging activity which is great for keeping their active minds busy! One piece of research I was involved in showed that goats favoured feeders at eye or above head level over those at ground level. This may not be the case for every goat of course, so the name of the game for goats is always choice.

“Goats should have access to clean, fresh water at all times, and their diet needs to include good-quality forage, minerals (including copper – something that people that are grazing sheep often exclude), and sometimes a small amount of specialised goat feed to provide balanced nutrition. However, it important to be aware that such feed is usually formulated for milking or production animals, so most companion goats do not need it (in fact, neutered males or ‘whethers’ can develop life threatening urinary issues when fed these commercial diets).  

“Goats need regular veterinary check-ups to monitor their overall health and prevent diseases. Vaccinations, including those for clostridial diseases, are essential, as well as deworming to control internal parasites. Rather than routinely drenching with a deworming product, fecal egg counts should be done, and goats treated as required. If possible, try to rotate different areas of pasture to reduce the worm burden that goats are exposed to. And, unless people have a large block of land, I advise avoiding co-grazing goats and sheep. The latter are great at harbouring parasites that goats are much more susceptible to.  

“One of our studies showed that goats’ hooves grow over 5mm per month. This is not surprisning given their evolution and their typical exercise! Their hooves are made to wear down. So without access to rocks and kms of range each day, hoof trimming is necessary. Goats in my herd need trimming every 4–8 weeks to prevent overgrowth, and to nip any infections in the bud. The frequency depends on how rich feed is being fed, how wet the environment is, the amount of natural wearing the goat is able to do, and even genetics (my feral goat’s hooves need to be trimmed far less often than my Saanen and Toggenburgs’ hooves). “

“With proper care, goats can live long, healthy lives as loyal and engaging companion animals. ”

— Dr Gosia Zobel

What about enrichment opportunities? 

“Research I’ve been involved in has underscored the importance of a complex environment for goats – one that mimics the varied terrain they would experience in the wild. This may include enclosures with both open spaces and smaller, secluded sections. Adding logs, rocks, brushes, and obstacles encourages exploration and movement while providing diversity in their surroundings. Rotating or periodically rearranging enrichment items can also maintain their interest.  

“In addition to this, goats are highly intelligent animals, capable of learning complex tasks and solving problems. Lack of stimulation can lead to boredom and produce negative behaviours like fence-jumping or destructive behaviours like chewing inedible objects in their environment.

“Some people have a misconception that it is normal for a goat to be tethered for the majority of their life - this is actually heartbreaking as it is certainly not a suitable life for a goat. Often this might stem from goats being brought into a family without appropriate knowledge of their care requirements - and because they’re seen as cute - and when any troublesome behaviour arises because they’re not provided for in the right way, they are then tethered. Permanent tethering does not promote many of the natural behaviours of goats and should be avoided.

“This is why it is so important to do your research before bringing goats (it is important this is plural as they need companions!) into your life. Providing a range of interactive activities that promote their natural behaviours, such as raised feeders filled with varied forages, or plastic barrels for climbing on, will keep them stimulated and content. Some goats enjoy manipulating objects, so experiment with safe items like rope pulls or puzzle feeders that release food as they interact with them. 

“If we allow goats to perform their natural behaviours, we are getting closer to knowing that we’re providing a good quality of life.” 

Thank you Dr Zobel!

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Te Tohu Maimoa winners for November 2024

Te Tohu Maimoa recognises the contribution of people involved in the well-being of Companion Animals in New Zealand. The awards are held twice a year, presented by Companion Animals NZ, and nominations should focus on achievements in the previous 6 months.

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We are proud to announce the November 2024 Te Tohu Maimoa winners…

Rachael Maher 

Founder of Paws4Life 

Rachael Maher has been running Paws4Life for over a decade, dedicating herself to rescuing and caring for abandoned, injured, and stray cats and kittens. Her shelter is constantly full, reflecting her tireless 24/7 commitment to meeting the community's needs. Beyond her rescue work, Rachael has participated in meetings with the SPCA and Hamilton City Council, advocating for cat desexing and the humane treatment of strays. The Paws4Life Facebook page offers a glimpse into the continuous influx of strays ready for adoption, showcasing the incredible impact of her efforts. 

Annette Buckley 

Founder of Feline Fix 

Annette Buckley’s work in animal welfare reaches far and wide. With a focus on controlling the stray cat population, she has helped desex over 760 cats since Feline Fix was formed. Her work includes running impactful Facebook campaigns and providing crucial support for urgent medical treatments, reflecting her dedication to reducing unwanted litters and improving the lives of vulnerable animals. 

Zoey Jackson 

Education and Engagement Officer, Waikato Pound Pups (WDC) 

Zoey Jackson’s dedication to dog welfare shines through her work with Waikato Pound Pups. From her involvement with the ‘Take the Lead, Don’t Let Them Breed’ campaign to hands-on education in local schools, Zoey actively champions responsible pet ownership. Her ‘Dirty Dog Challenge’ and ‘Pound Pups Pool Parties’ fundraisers are not only fun but also crucial in supporting desexing and rehoming initiatives. With an extensive online community of over 26,000 followers, Zoey’s creative and passionate approach makes her a beloved advocate for dog welfare in the Waikato community. 

Sarah Christie 

Founder of Pet Whisperer Rescue 

Sarah Christie, founder of Pet Whisperer Rescue, has dedicated herself to supporting stray and lost cats in Auckland through initiatives such as colony feeding, trap-neuter-return programmes, and rehoming rehabilitated strays. Her collaboration with local businesses and the provision of desexing vouchers have made responsible pet ownership more accessible. Sarah’s tireless advocacy continues to make a meaningful impact on Auckland’s rescue efforts and the lives of countless cats. 

“The quality of the nominations in this round were amazing! It was certainly hard to come up with a shortlist for our judging panel as there were so many passionate individuals doing great things for the animals!

A big congratulations to our November winners who very much deserve this recognition and we hope know how appreciated their contributions are.”

— Nic McDonald, Animal Welfare Operations Officer